神经系统疾病如脑卒中和帕金森病等常导致姿势控制和平衡功能障碍。传统的神经 调控技术多聚焦大脑皮质，而对小脑等姿势中枢的调控技术和机制的研究不足。基于中 枢传导通路与姿势控制（central pathway and postural control，CPPC）理论的神经调控技 术，通过整合感觉输入（如视觉、前庭觉和本体感觉）和多层级神经通路（如内侧和外侧运 动系统），结合神经可塑性机制，为运动功能障碍提供精准干预。该技术采用经颅磁刺激、 经颅直流电刺激和外周磁刺激等多模态方法，遵循“内外兼修”“近远结合”“多维重建”“遵 从规律”4大原则，靶向调控小脑、核心肌群和皮质-脊髓通路，显著改善患者的平衡和运动 功能。研究表明，CPPC 技术通过中枢-外周协同干预和时序匹配策略，可优化神经重塑和 功能恢复。未来应进一步探索个体化靶点定位、剂量效应关系和多模态整合机制，以推动 精准康复体系的建立。CPPC 技术为神经康复提供了新思路，具有重要的临床和研究 价值。

Neurological disorders such as stroke and Parkinson's disease often lead to postural control and balance dysfunction. Traditional neuromodulation techniques primarily target the cerebral cortex, while research on modulation techniques and mechanisms involving the cerebellum and other neural circuits for postural control remains insufficient. Neuromodulation based on the theory of central pathways and posture control (CPPC) integrates sensory inputs including visual, vestibular and proprioceptive with multi-level neural pathways (e.g. medial and lateral motor systems), in combined with neuroplasticity mechanisms, to provide precise interventions for motor dysfunction. CPPC approach employs multimodal approaches, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS). It adheres to 4 principles, which are internal and external synergy, proximal-distal integration, multi-dimensional reconstruction and compliance with physiological principles. By targeting the cerebellum, core muscle groups and cortico-spinal pathways, CPPC-based neuromodulation techniques have demonstrated significant improvements in patients' balance and motor function. Clinical studies have shown that CPPC approach enhances neural remodeling and functional recovery through centralperipheral synergistic intervention and temporal coordination strategies. Future research should explore individualized target localization, dose-response relationships and mechanism of multimodal integration to improve the establishment of precision rehabilitation systems. CPPC approach provides new ideas for neurological rehabilitation and has significant implications on both clinical treatment and research.