老年认知障碍患者面临一系列安全事件，这些问题不仅影响患者的生活质量，还给家庭和社会带来潜在风险。目前的研究主要集中在医疗场景中的跌倒、误吸或噎食、走失、用药安全和暴力攻击行为，而对家庭用火、虐待、财产安全和驾车安全的关注则相对不足。安全事件的评估主要依赖于主观评估工具，客观评估工具仍需进一步发展。现有针对不同认知障碍程度或场景的护理干预证据不足。本文对上述安全事件的发生率、影响因素、主客观评估工具以及循证护理措施的研究进展进行综述，以期为医护人员开展老年认知障碍患者安全管理提供指导，不断提升患者安全护理的管理水平。

Elderly patients with cognitive impairment face a series of safety incidents, which not only affect their quality of life, but also pose potential risks to their families and society. Current research primarily focuses on safety issues in medical settings, such as falls, choking,wandering, medication safety, and violent behaviors, while there is relatively less attention given to risks associated with household fires, abuse, property safety, and driving safety. The assessment of safety incidents mainly relies on subjective evaluation tools, while objective assessment tools still need further development. There is insufficient evidence for nursing interventions targeting different degrees or settings of cognitive impairment. This paper reviews the research progress on the incidence rate, influencing factors, subjective and objective evaluation tools, and evidence-based nursing measures of the safety incidents, in order to provide guidance for medical providers to carry out safety management of elderly patients with cognitive impairment and continuously improve the management of safety care.