目前精神障碍诊断缺乏可靠的生物标志物和金标准，仍主要依赖症状学描述性诊断体系，其精准诊断受到诸多限制。传统的精神科诊断以病史询问、精神检查为基础，诊断难点包括对症状判断的主观性、多维视角缺失，以及诊断整体观不足。精神科诊断应综合症状群特点、功能损害和疾病背景，结合辅助检查提升临床诊断的精准性，并以此为基础，推动精神科诊断、治疗及临床科研的全面发展。

The diagnosis of mental disorders relies predominantly on a symptom-based descriptive diagnostic system currently, lacking reliable biomarkers and golden standards. The diagnostic method restricts the accuracy of disease diagnosis to a large extent. Traditional psychiatric diagnosis is based on medical history and mental examination. The difficulties in diagnosis include subjective judgment on disorders, lacking of multi-dimensional perspectives, and deficits in the diagnostic holism. During the psychiatric diagnosis, we should integrate syndrome clusters features, functional impairment, and illness background; We can utilize the auxiliary examinations to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Based on the efforts above, it can promote comprehensive advancements in psychiatric diagnosis, treatment, and clinical research.