淀粉样蛋白相关影像学异常（amyloid-related imaging abnormalities，ARIA）是一种影像学异常表现，其狭义上是默认为特指MRI图像的异常表现，而非CT或PET图像的异常表现。ARIA 的 MRI 表现具有特征性，即 ARIA-E（水肿或积液）和 ARIA-H（微出血或含铁血黄素沉着）。这种MRI异常表现仅见于阿尔茨海默病患者以及特定的疾病场景中，均与β-淀粉样蛋白相关，具有诊断特异性。本文从 ARIA 的历史和定义、影像学表现及检测方法、ARIA-E和ARIA-H严重度分级以及ARIA相关临床问题等方面进行介绍，以期为临床识别和处理ARIA提供参考。

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are abnormal appearances on the image. In a narrow sense, the default refers specifically to abnormalities on MRI, not CT or PET. MRI findings are characteristic, including ARIA-E (edema/effusion) and ARIA-H (hemorrhage). These abnormalities occur only in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in specific disease scenarios, and are associated with β-amyloid (Aβ), which has diagnostic specificity. This article introduces the history and definition of ARIA, imaging manifestations and detection methods, severity grading of ARIA-E and ARIA-H, and clinical issues related to ARIA, in order to provide references for clinical identification and treatment of ARIA.