阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病，随着全球人口老龄化，其患病人数不断增多，给患者及其家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。AD的早期诊断和精准诊断一直是研究的热点和难点。近年来，随着科学技术的进步，AD相关影像和体液标志物的研究取得了显著进展，例如PET在检测脑内淀粉样蛋白和Tau蛋白沉积方面的新突破，以及体液标志物中血液生物标志物的发现和应用等。2024年美国国家衰老研究所和阿尔茨海默病协会（National Institute on Aging- Alzheimer’s Association，NIA-AA）对 AD 诊断和分期标准进行了更新，即AD诊断和分期标准修订版（2024）。本文旨在对AD诊断和分期标准修订版（2024）进行解读，同时对AD诊断和分期的最新进展进行综述，以期为临床医师提供更准确的诊断依据，并且帮助科研人员更深入地探讨AD的发病机制。

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. With the aging of the global population, the number of patients with AD is constantly increasing, bringing heavy burdens to the patients, families and society. The early and accurate diagnosis of AD has always been a hot and difficult issue. In recent years, with the advancement of scientific research, there have been significant achievements in the study of imaging and biofluid biomarkers of AD, such as the new breakthroughs in PET imaging technology in detecting amyloid and Tau protein deposition in the brain, and the discovery and application of blood biomarkers among biofluid biomarkers. In 2024, The National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) updated the diagnostic and staging guidelines for AD, namely the Revised Criteria for Diagnosis and Staging of Alzheimer's Disease (2024). This paper aims to interpret the guidelines and review the progress in the diagnosis and staging of AD, providing more accurate diagnostic basis for clinicians and helping researchers to further explore the pathogenesis of AD.