大脑中蛋白质的错误折叠和聚集与各种神经退行性疾病有关，包括阿尔茨海默病 ( Alzheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森病( Parkinson's disease,PD)以及肌萎缩侧索硬化 ( amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,ALS)。这些神经退行性疾病在病理.上均与蛋白质的错误折叠 和聚集有关,AD病理特征是大脑中β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白神经原纤维缠结的异常聚集，PD病理上与大脑多巴胺能神经元中a-突触核蛋白的异常聚集有关，而特定蛋白的错误折叠,如反式激活应答DNA结合蛋白43(transactive response element DNA binding protein-43,TDP-43)和包涵体形成则是ALS的标志之一。睡眠障碍不仅是这些疾病的伴随症状,还是这些疾病的前驱症状。本综述阐述了AD、PD与ALS的各自的异常蛋白聚集特点以及睡眠障碍特征，总结了睡眠障碍在这些疾病早期诊断和治疗中的潜力。睡眠障碍有可能成为神经退行性疾病早期诊断线索和治疗切入点。

Misfolding and clumping of proteins in the brain has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases, these include Alzheimer' s disease (AD), Parkinson' s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In pathological, these neurodegenerative diseases are related to protein misfolding and aggregation. AD is pathologically characterized by abnormal aggregation of ß -amyloid protein and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, and PD is pathologically related to abnormal aggregation of a-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The misfolding of specific protein, such as transactive response element DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and inclusion body formation, is one of the markers of ALS. Sleep disorder is not only a concomitant symptom of patients with these diseases, but also a precursor symptom of the onset of these diseases. This review elaborates on the abnormal protein aggregation characteristics and sleep disorder features of AD, PD, and ALS, and summarizes the potential of sleep disorder in early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Sleep disorder may become early diagnostic clues and treatment entry point for neurodegenerative diseases.