孤独症谱系障碍( autism spectrum disorders , ASD )在我国发病率不断升高,已成为儿童精神残疾的首要原因。除了以社交和沟通障碍、重复刻板行为、兴趣狭窄为主要特征的核心症状之外,还会伴随如胃肠道症状、情绪问题、睡眠问题等,给患儿家庭带来沉重的精神和经济负担。目前ASD病因多样且不明确,治疗主要以康复训练为主，缓解其核心症状。近年来，以“微生物一肠一脑轴”机制分析肠道微生物与ASD的关联性受到越来越多的关注。多项研究表明，调节肠道微生物治疗不仅可以改善ASD患儿的胃肠症状，还可改善其核心症状。但目前多数研究仅限于动物实验，肠道微生物对ASD患儿的影响未来需要更进一步的深入研究。

The increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorders(ASD) in China has become the leading cause of mental disability in children. In addition to the core symptoms characterized by social and communication disorders, repetitive and stereotypical behaviors, and narrow interests, they are also accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, emotional problems, and sleep problems, which bring heavy mental and economic burdens to the families of children. At present, the etiology of ASD is varied and unclear, and the main treatment is rehabilitation training to alleviate its core symptoms. In recent years, the ' microbial-gut-brain axis' ' mechanism has been used to analyze the association between intestinal microbes and ASD. Several studies have shown that regulating gut microbiome therapy can not only improve the gastrointestinal symptoms of children with ASD, but also improve their core symptoms. However, many studies are limited to animal experiments, and in-depth studies are needed on the impact of gut microbes on children with ASD in the future.