多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis，MS）是一种中枢神经系统炎性自身免疫性脱髓鞘性疾病。目前，临床上主要采用激素联合免疫抑制剂及干扰素β的方法对该病进行治疗，治疗手段较为局限。近年来的研究发现，间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cell，MSC）作为一种多能干细胞，可以分化为神经细胞，以修复损伤。本文结合相关文献，从多角度探讨MSC治疗MS的机制。MSC治疗有望成为未来治疗MS的新方法。

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. At present, the disease is mainly treated by glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressive agent and interferon-β, and the therapy is pretty limited. In recent years, it has been found that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), as a kind of pluripotent stem cell, can differentiate into nerve cells, thereby repairing damage. In this paper, the mechanism of MSC in the treatment of MS is discussed from multiple perspectives. MSC is expected to become a new method for the treatment of MS in the future.