血浆置换治疗是一种血液净化方法，可清除患者体内的致病因子，通过免疫调节治疗疾病。近年来，血浆置换被越来越多地应用于神经免疫性疾病的治疗，并取得了较好的疗效。2016 年美国血液净化学会（American Society for Apheresis，ASFA）更新了血浆置换等血液净化治疗在不同疾病治疗中的推荐级别和证据水平。根据该指南，本文结合相关文献对神经免疫性疾病的血浆置换治疗进行梳理和总结，以期为临床医师提供相关治疗建议。血浆置换在神经免疫性疾病的治疗中发挥着重要作用，但还需要开展更多高质量的临床研究以证实其疗效，以及制定最佳治疗方案。

Plasma exchange is a method of blood purification, which can remove the pathogenic components of the blood circulation and achieve the aim of immunological modulation and treatment of diseases. Recently, plasma exchange has been more and more frequently used in the treatment of neuroimmunological disorders, and achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. The most recent American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) guideline, updated in 2016, listed the indications for plasma exchange. According to this guideline, this paper summarizes the plasma exchange therapy for neuroimmunological disorders in combination with relevant literature, with a view to providing relevant treatment recommendations for clinicians. Plasma exchange plays an important role in the treatment of neuroimmunological disorders, but more high-quality clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and to formulate optimal treatment options.