中枢脱髓鞘疾病（central demyelinated disease，CDD）是指发生在脑和脊髓的一组呈急性发作或慢性损害的神经系统疾病，其病因和临床表现各异，但有类同的特征。现代医学认为CDD 的病理特征是神经纤维髓鞘脱失，而神经元细胞体及其轴索保持相对完整。由于传统中医学中无脱髓鞘疾病的相关描述，因此只能根据CDD 不同的临床表现，将其归为中医的不同证候。中医学认为，CDD 与肝肾功能密切相关，也与心脾功能失调有关。本文总结了CDD 中医辨证论治和辨病论治的要点及经验，为中医以及中西医结合诊治CDD 提供新的思路。

Central demyelinated disease (CDD) refers to a group of nervous system diseases that occurs in the brain and spinal cord with different causes and different clinical manifestations. Their etiology and clinical manifestations are different, but have the same characteristics. According to modern medicine, the pathological feature of CDD is myelin sheath loss, while neuron cell body and axonal cord remain relatively intact. Due to the absence in description of demyelinated disease in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it can be classified according to the different syndromes and different clinical manifestations of CDD. In TCM, it is believed that CDD is closely related to the functions of liver and kidney, and it is also associated with heart and spleen dysfunction. This paper summarizes the essentials and experiences in TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of CDD, and provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CDD by TCM and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.