以肌无力、肌萎缩为主证的肌萎缩侧索硬化（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis，ALS）属中医“痿病”“脾痹”范畴；以延髓麻痹为主证的ALS 属中医“风痱”“暗痱”范畴。中医认为ALS 的主要病因病机为本虚标实，五脏皆能致痿；病位最常责于脾胃，多从脾胃补益论治施治，有助于延缓肌萎缩、延髓麻痹等症状的进展，延长患者生存期。本文通过查阅重订版古籍及国内近年来发表的相关文献，从中医学角度探讨ALS 的历史沿革，归纳总结ALS 的病因病机、诊断和治疗及其研究进展。

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which has the main syndrome of myasthenia and muscular atrophy, belongs to the category of "flaccidity disease" and "spleen bi" in traditional Chinese medicine. The ALS belongs to the category of "apoplectic aphasia" and "pyretic aphasia with sudamina" with the main syndrome of medullary paralysis. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that the main pathogenesis of ALS is asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality, and the five zang viscera can cause flaccidity disease. The most common disease site is spleen and stomach, and the treatment mostly begins with replenishing spleen and stomach. It helps to delay the progression of muscular atrophy and bulbar palsy, and prolong the survival time of patients. In this paper, the historical evolution of ALS is discussed from the point of view of traditional Chinese medicine, and the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ALS and its research progress are summarized.