临床带教不应是一种固定的、封闭的模式，其教学指导思想应当是开放的，通过不断吸收新的教学经验，从而不断地充实和发展。基于以问题为导向的教学（problem-based learning，PBL）方法，建立复杂病例推理的临床带教模式，并应用于中医神经内科学疾病的临床教学中，可以改进临床带教方法，丰富带教手段，提高教学质量。在带教过程中，带教老师针对神经内科复杂疾病和疑难疾病的隐蔽性及推理性，指导学生发现患者病史和体征中隐藏的蛛丝马迹以及实验室检查的微小异常，这些都可能成为诊断的关键点。通过PBL，不仅推广了中西医结合诊治神经内科疾病的理念，而且提高了辨病与辨证相结合的中西医结合诊治神经内科疾病的水平。

Clinical teaching should not be a fixed and closed model. Its teaching guiding ideology should be open and constantly absorbs new teaching experiences with constant enrichment and development. Application of problem-based learning (PBL) with inferential teaching method for complex cases in clinical teaching of traditional Chinese medicine neurology can improve the clinical teaching level, enrich the teaching methods, and increase the teaching quality. In the teaching process, teachers guide the students to pay attention to the elusive and inferential properties of the medical history, clinical signs and the laboratory results of the patients which may be key factors in diagnosis through focusing on the concealment and reasoning of complex and difficult cases in neurology. By the PBL, the concept of integrated medicine for diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases has been promoted, and the diagnosis and treatment according to the differentiation of the disease and syndrome in integrative neurology has been improved.