病例报告是一种常见的医学论文体裁,也是深受临床医生欢迎的论文体裁之一。病例报告往往通过对1个、2个或系列病例的诊疗经过进行生动地描述,为临床医生提供第一手的感性资料,不仅对临床诊断、治疗和随访具有指导意义,能够培养锻炼临床诊疗思维,甚至对整个社会具有教育意义,为政府决策提供参考。然而,在许多医学期刊的稿约中,涉及病例报告写作要求的内容却很少甚至缺如,这一现象在国内和国外期刊中均普遍存在,尤以国内为著。由于缺少相应的写作指导,导致病例报告的写作质量参差不齐,降低了病例报告的录用率。本文旨在对国际医学期刊编辑委员会（International Committee of Medical Journal Editors,ICMJE）《学术研究实施与报告和医学期刊编辑与发表的推荐规范》以及CARE指南中有关病例报告写作规范的相关内容进行介绍,并以CARE信息清单为阐述重点,以期为提高国内作者的病例报告写作水平提供帮助。

Case report is a common type of medical paper, and it is also one of the most popular types of paper for clinicians. Through vivid description of the diagnosis and treatment process about one or two cases or the case series, case report can provide perceptual first-hand information for clinicians, not only has a guiding significance in clinical diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, and cultivates clinical thinking, but also has educational significance for the whole society, to provide references for government decision-making. However, in many of the medical journals, the writing requirement on case report is less or even absent. This phenomenon exists in both domestic and foreign journals, especially in domestic journals. Due to the lack of the corresponding writing instruction, the quality of the case report is uneven, leading to the reduced acceptance rate of the case report. This paper introduces the related writing requirement on case report in Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals which is proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the CARE Checklist—2016: Information for writing a case report, in order to help the authors to improve the level of case report writing.