卒中后癫痫发作和卒中后癫痫是常见的卒中并发症，给患者及其家属的身心健康带来巨大影响，但目前仍缺乏明确的预防和诊治指南。不同类型的卒中可引起不同类型的癫痫发作和癫痫，且其相应的危险因素亦不相同。脑出血是目前公认度较高的卒中后癫痫发作或卒中后癫痫的首要危险因素。鉴于相关的评估手段和干预策略尚处于研究阶段，因此针对主要危险因素的干预成为当前较为可行的应对选择。卒中后癫痫发作和卒中后癫痫的诊断和治疗同样面临着不少困难。目前，头颅磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）动脉自旋标记（arterial spin labeling，ASL）序列和新一代抗癫痫药物左乙拉西坦已成为关注的焦点。本文对近年来有关卒中后癫痫发作和卒中后癫痫的危险因素及临床诊治的研究进展进行总结和讨论。
Abstract
Post-stroke epileptic seizures and post-stroke epilepsy are common complications of stroke, which significantly devastate the physical and mental health of patients as well as their relatives. Unfortunately, few practical guidelines are available about the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke seizure. Different subtypes of stroke with various risk factors can induce different kinds of seizure and epilepsy, whereas intracerebral hemorrhage has been universally recognized as the primary risk factor leading to post-stroke seizure or epilepsy. Additionally, people can only make prevention strategies which directly focus on potential risk factors, and this may be the most reliable and feasible way because of the lack of qualified prevention assessments and interventions currently. As for diagnosis and treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL) and new generation anti-epileptic drugs have recently become the hot spots, respectively. This review summarizes the advances in clinical research on risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of post-stroke epileptic seizures and post-stroke epilepsy in recent years, and discusses the possibilities of future research.
关键词
癫痫 /
卒中后癫痫发作 /
危险因素 /
诊断 /
药物疗法 /
动脉自旋标记 /
左乙拉西坦 /
临床研究
Key words
Epilepsy /
Post-stroke epileptic seizures /
Risk factor /
Diagnosis /
Drug therapy /
Arterial spin labeling /
Levetiracetam /
Clinical Study
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基金
中国抗癫痫协会癫痫科研基金——UCB基金（编号：2014004）
