随着全球人口老龄化,阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease,AD）发病率呈明显上升趋势。迄今为止,尚缺乏有效的AD治疗方法,早期诊断及防治是延缓AD进展的唯一有效方法。目前,AD的诊断仍主要依靠排除法和临床神经心理量表法,但其可重复性差且缺乏客观依据;因此,尚缺乏敏感且准确的AD早期诊断方法。随着影像学技术的发展,“医学影像学+”的学科交叉已成为新常态,由此产生的神经影像学技术可以清晰地显示脑内更细小的结构和病灶,这为AD的早期影像学诊断研究提供了基础。本文对磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）应用于海马体积、内嗅区皮质厚度及杏仁核变化的检测以及双反转恢复（double inversion recovery,DIR）序列应用于AD诊断及弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）应用于海马相关脑白质损伤评估的最新研究进展进行综述。
Abstract
With the aging of global population, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) shows a significant upward trend. So far, there is still a lack of effective treatment for AD, and diagnosis, prevention and treatment in early stage of AD is the only effective way to delay the progression of AD. Currently, the diagnosis of AD still mainly relies on the exclusive method and clinical neuropsychological scales with poor repeatability and being absent of objective evidence, lacking sensitive and accurate methods for early diagnosis of AD. With the development of medical imaging technology, "medical imaging+" transdisciplinary research has become the new norm, the interdisciplinary neuroimaging techniques can clearly show the finer structures and lesions in the brain, which provides a basis for the early diagnosis of AD. Due to the loss of neurons in brain tissues of patients with AD, cerebral atrophy is developed, so the AD can be observed by measuring the degree of cerebral atrophy. This paper summarizes the research progress in measurement of hippocampal volume, entorhinal cortex thickness and the change of amygdale through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the application of double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence in diagnosis of AD, and the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the assessment of injury in white matter related to hippocampus.
关键词
阿尔茨海默病 /
早期诊断 /
磁共振成像
Key words
Alzheimer disease /
Early diagnosis /
Magnetic resonance imaging
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基金
上海市科学技术委员会科技创新行动计划重点项目（编号：10411953400）; 上海市宝山区科学技术委员会科研项目（编号：14-E-4）; 上海市科学技术委员会医学引导类科技项目（编号：114119a5800）
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