RNA分子上存在100余种化学修饰， 其中6-甲基腺嘌呤（6-methyladenosine，m⁶A）是真核生物mRNA中丰度最高的修饰，也是当前表观遗传学研究的热点。近年来，随着检测技术的发展以及RNA修饰相关表观转录组学的兴起，越来越多的研究发现m⁶A修饰及其改变在多种生理和病理等生物学过程中发挥了重要的调控作用。本文系统介绍了m⁶A甲基化转移酶、去甲基化酶和甲基化结合蛋白的功能，概括了m⁶A修饰的生物学功能，以及m⁶A修饰在干细胞自我更新和神经分化中的作用。

There are more than 100 modifications have been found in RNA molecule, among which 6-methyladenine (m⁶A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotes, and it is also the hotspot of epigenetic research. With the development of detection technology and the rise of RNA epigenetics, the recent discoveries have suggested the regulatory functions of m⁶A modification in a variety of physiological and pathological biological processes. This review summarizes the functions of m⁶A methyltransferase, demethylase and regulatory proteins, highlights the recent progress in the biological functions of m⁶A  modification, and the role of m⁶A modification in stem cell self-renewal and neural differentiation.