非侵入性神经调控技术因其安全、有效与可重复性受到广泛关注。其中，经颅聚焦超声刺激（transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation，tFUS）作为新兴调控手段，凭借其非侵入性、高空间分辨率以及靶向深部脑区等优势，展现出在精神疾病治疗中的临床潜力。本文总结tFUS的生物物理机制以及对抑郁症、强迫症、物质滥用、焦虑症和精神分裂症等多种精神疾病的调控靶点、作用效应及其研究进展，讨论现阶段存在的主要问题，如临床研究匮乏、多为小样本探索性试验、机制未完全阐明以及缺乏标准化参数等，并展望其未来发展方向，如开展大样本多中心随机对照试验以及融合神经成像等技术推动其向精准化、标准化治疗手段转化，为tFUS在精神疾病治疗中的临床转化提供理论基础和实践参考。

Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques have attracted extensive attention due to their safety, effectiveness, and repeatability. Among them, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), as an emerging regulatory method, has shown clinical potential in the treatment of mental illnesses by virtue of its advantages such as non-invasiveness, high spatial resolution, and ability to target deep brain regions. This article summarizes the biophysical mechanisms of tFUS, as well as the regulatory targets, effects, and research progress of tFUS in various mental illnesses including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance abuse, anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia. It also discusses the main problems existing at the current stage, such as the lack of clinical studies, small-sample exploratory trials, incomplete clarification of mechanisms, and the lack of standardized parameters. In addition, it looks forward to its future development directions: Conducting large-sample, multi-center randomized controlled trials, integrating neuroimaging and other technologies, promoting its transformation into a precise and standardized treatment method so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the clinical transformation of tFUS in the treatment of mental disorders.