《英国神经科医师协会2024年多发性硬化疾病修饰治疗指南》针对多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis，MS）的治疗策略提出重要更新，强调MS应视为兼具复发性和进展性的单一疾病，其病理机制涉及炎症与神经退行性变的动态共存。该指南首次整合“治疗-监测-转换”全周期管理路径，将疾病修饰治疗（disease-modifying treatment，DMT）药物分为4类（如针对复发缓解型MS的中效及高效治疗药物，以及针对进展型MS的特定治疗药物），并且比较了进阶治疗与早期高效治疗的优势和劣势，推荐高疾病活动度患者优先选择早期高效干预，同时特别关注妊娠期女性用药。本文通过梳理该指南，对MS的DMT全周期管理路径以及特殊患者群体决策等临床应用进行解读。

The "using disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis: Association of British Neurologists (ABN) 2024 guidance" (hereinafter referred to as the 2024 ABN guideline) introduces significant updates to treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis (MS). The guideline emphasizes that MS should be considered a single disease characterized by both relapsing and progressive components, with mechanism of dynamic coexistence of inflammation and neurodegeneration. For the first time, the guideline adopts a comprehensive management approach termed "treatment-monitoring-transition", categorizing disease-modifying treatment (DMT) drugs into four groups including medium/high-efficacy treatments for relapsing-remitting MS and specific medications for progressive MS. The guideline also compares the advantages and disadvantages of advanced treatment versus early high-efficacy treatment, recommending that patients with high disease activity prioritize early high-efficacy interventions. Additionally, special attention is given to medication considerations for pregnant women. This article provides an interpretation of the full-cycle management approach for DMT and decision-making for specific patient populations in clinical practice, in alignment with the 2024 ABN guideline.