书法训练作为一种具有3 000年历史的传统文化活动，近年来被证明对认知障碍患者的多种认知功能有积极影响。书法训练改善认知功能的可能机制有默认网络的功能强化、视觉-运动整合网络的协同激活、额顶执行网络的参与、神经递质与可塑性分子机制的调节等。尽管现有研究已为书法训练对认知障碍患者认知功能的积极影响提供了一定证据，但仍存在样本量小、研究时间短、缺乏随机对照研究等问题。未来需要开展更多的基础研究和临床研究，如结合多模态神经影像技术解析书法创作中视觉-运动整合的时空动态特征、利用人工智能分析书法训练的笔迹特征建立与脑电信号的关联模型以及探索个性化训练方案以深入探索书法训练对认知障碍患者认知功能影响的作用机制等，为认知障碍的干预提供新的思路和方法。

Calligraphy training, a traditional cultural activity with a 3 000-year history, has recently been demonstrated to positively impact multiple cognitive functions in individuals with cognitive impairment. Research indicates that calligraphy training can enhance cognitive functions. Potential mechanisms through which calligraphy training influence cognitive function include functional reinforcement of the default mode network, co-activation of the visuomotor integration network, involvement of the frontoparietal executive control network, and modulation of neurotransmitter systems and molecular mechanisms underlying neural plasticity. Although existing studies provide preliminary evidence supporting the positive effects of calligraphy training on cognitive function in individuals with cognitive impairment, limitations persist, including small sample sizes, short intervention durations, and a lack of randomized controlled trials. Future research necessitates expanded basic and clinical investigations, particularly evidence-based scientific clinical studies. For example, multi-modal neuroimaging techniques, such as functional MRI and magnetoencephalography, could be employed to parse the spatiotemporal dynamics of visuomotor integration during calligraphic creation. Concurrently, leveraging artificial intelligence to analyze handwriting characteristics derived from calligraphy training could facilitate the development of models correlating these features with electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Such endeavors are crucial for a deeper exploration of the mechanistic pathways by which calligraphy training impacts cognitive function in this population, ultimately offering novel approaches and methodologies for cognitive impairment intervention.