本文报道1例头颅MRI影像提示为“脑干十字面包（hot cross bun，HCB）征”的患者，最终诊断为多系统萎缩-小脑性共济失调型。通过回顾HCB这一特殊神经影像征的发现历程以及病理生理学机制，探讨了HCB征与神经系统多种疾病的关联性以及鉴别诊断和治疗。

This article reviews the discovery process and pathophysiological mechanisms of a distinctive neuroimaging feature known as the hot cross bun (HCB) sign, through reporting a patient with HCB sign in the pontine on MRI image and who was ultimately diagnosed as multiple system atrophy-cerebellar subtype (MSA-C). Then the association of HCB sign with various neurological diseases and its significance in differential diagnosis and treatment have been discussed.