目的：探讨外周血第181位苏氨酸磷酸化修饰Tau蛋白（phosphorylated Tau at threonine 181，p-Tau 181）与早产儿脑损伤的相关性。

方法：回顾性分析早产儿外周血中p-Tau 181水平。选取早产儿28例，将其分为脑损伤组13例和对照组15例，采用Simoa检测技术检测外周血中p-Tau 181水平。

结果：脑损伤组患儿的血浆p-Tau 181水平显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。logistic回归分析结果显示，血浆p-Tau 181水平升高是脑损伤的独立危险因素。

结论：早产儿脑损伤可能存在血浆p-Tau 181蛋白的过表达。

Objective: To investigate the correlation between phosphorylated Tau at threonine 181 (p-Tau 181) in peripheral blood and brain injury in premature infants.

Methods: The p-Tau 181 level in the peripheral blood of premature infants was retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-eight premature infants were selected, including 13 in the brain injury group and 15 in the control group. The level of p-Tau 181 in peripheral blood was detected by Simoa assay.

Results: The plasma level of p-Tau 181 in the brain injury group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The result of logistic regression analysis revealed that the elevated level of p-Tau 181 in plasma was an independent risk factor of brain injury.

Conclusion: There may be overexpression of p-Tau 181 in plasma in premature infants with brain injury.