缺血性脑卒中是一种具有高发病率、高致残率与高致死率的疾病，目前尚缺乏有效的康复治疗方法。神经干细胞（neural stem cell，NSC）在治疗缺血性脑卒中方面具有很大的应用潜力。随着干细胞制备技术的进步以及众多动物实验的开展，NSC 的研究逐渐从实验室走向临床。2016 年，第1 项人源性NSC 治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床试验结果已发表。本文从NSC 的治疗机制、临床级细胞制备、临床前研究和临床研究这4 个方面进行详细阐述，通过回顾NSC 治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究历程，为今后开展更多的NSC 治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床研究提供参考。

Ischemic stroke is a disease with high morbidity, disability and mortality. At present, there is no effective rehabilitation therapy for ischemic stroke. Neural stem cell (NSC) has great potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke. With the progress in stem cell preparation technology and the development of many animal experiments, the research of NSC has gradually moved from laboratory experiment to clinical application. In 2016, the first clinical trial of human-derived NSC in the treatment of ischemic stroke was published. This article elaborates the treatment mechanism, clinical cell preparation, preclinical research and clinical research of NSC in detail. By reviewing the current research of NSC in treating ischemic stroke, it can provide references for more clinical research of NSC in treating ischemic stroke in the future.