血管性痴呆可能是导致早发性认知障碍最主要的原因之一，皮质下血管性认知损害（subcortical vascular cognitive impairment，SVCI）是血管性痴呆的主要亚型，而目前对于早发性SVCI 的关注和研究较少。本文对早发性SVCI 的流行病学、危险因素、临床及影像学特征、鉴别诊断和治疗进行综述，旨在加深临床医师对早发性SVCI 的认识，提高对早发性SVCI 超早期症状的识别能力。

Vascular dementia may be the one of the main causes of early-onset cognitive impairment. Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) is the main subgroup of vascular dementia, but there is still little attention on early-onset SVCI. This paper analyzes the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical and imaging characteristics, differential diagnosis and treatment of early-onset SVCI, aiming to improve the clinicians’ understanding of early-onset SVCI, and enhance their recognition of super-early symptoms of early-onset SVCI.