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25 December 2017, Volume 13 Issue 4
    

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    Comments on Guideline
  • ZHAN Qing, ZHAO Yun
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 157-164. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0072
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    On October 16, 2017, the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) released an evidence-based guideline: The Implementation of Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) (hereinafter referred to as the 2017 NCS guideline). Based on population-intervention-comparison-outcome (PICO) frame, the editorial committee for this guide line has addressed and discussed 16 clinical problems related to the 3 aspects of implementation of TTM in neurocritical care practice, including TTM’s induction and maintenance, shivering and complications. The 2017 NCS guideline is designed to assist the clinicians in neurocritical care who use TTM to carry out TTM better. Based on the interpretation of the 2017 NCS guideline, the similarities and differences in TTM application among the 2017 NCS guideline, 2017 guidelines for TTM in the intensive care unit (ICU) from France, 2015 guidelines for the use of TTM (therapeutic hypothermia) after cardiac arrest from Canada, 2016 China expert consensus on TTM after cardiac arrest and 2015 China expert consensus on hypothermia in neurocritical care are analyzed and compared, in order to help clinicians better understand the TTM application in neurocritical care.
  • Original Research
  • HU Xiang, YIN Xiaoming, WANG Donglei
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 165-172. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0079
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    Objective: To investigate the clinical value of circular RNA hsa_circ_0133159 in diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of glioma. Methods: The relative expressions of hsa_circ_0133159 in 10 normal brain tissue samples and 38 glioma tissue samples were detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The clinical value of hsa_circ_0133159 in diagnosis of glioma was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method, and the univariate analysis of prognostic factors was conducted by using log-rank test. The multivariate analysis was conducted by using COX regression analysis. Results: Compared with normal brain tissues, the relative expressions of hsa_circ_0133159 in low-grade and high-grade glioma were increased significantly (P = 0.026, P = 0.007). The area under curve (AUC) of hsa_circ_0133159 in ROC curve was 0.887 and its sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of glioma were 86.8% and 80.0%, respectively with the cut-off value of 4.32. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of glioma patients with low expression of hsa_circ_0133159 (≤4.32, n = 17) were significantly prolonged as compared with those of glioma patients with high expression of hsa_circ_0133159 (> 4.32, n = 21). The result of univariate analysis showed that the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score, number of tumor lesions, pathologic grade, recurrence and the relative espression of hsa_circ_0133159 were significantly associated with PFS and OS of patients with glioma (P < 0.05)。Multivariate analysis revealed that relative expression of hsa_circ_0133159 was an independent prognostic factor of glioma [PFS: relative risk = 1.268 (95% confidence interval: 1.007-3.459), P = 0.001; OS: relative risk = 1.252 (95% confidence interval: 1.103-2.422), P = 0.001]. Conclusion: hsa_circ_0133159 may be used as a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of glioma.
  • SHI Guowen, LI Rengang, GU Haiyan
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 173-179. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0057
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    Objective: Through the analysis and summary of the clinical features of neurosyphilis, this study aims to give references for reducing the clinical misdiagnosis of neurosyphilis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 24 cases of neurosyphilis in Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to January 2017 was conducted. Results: Of 24 cases of neurosyphilis, 21 cases were males, 3 were females; the median age was 55 years (range: 28 to 75 years); 3 cases had the first clinical manifestation of epilepsy, 3 cases had paralytic dementia, 5 cases had cerebral vascular disease-like attack, and 5 cases had spinal cord symptoms. Twenty-four cases had positive results of serum treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) as well as cerebrospinal fluid TPPA. There were 21 cases had abnormal count of cerebrospinal fluid cells and 20 cases had increased protein content. Cranial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed 10 cases had lacunar infarction, 3 cases had acute cerebral infarction, 1 case had cerebral hemorrhage, 5 cases had vascular stenosis, thinning and absence, 1 case had nucleus abnormal signal, 1 case had spinal cord infectious granuloma, 1 case had spinal cord abnormal signal, 2 cases had brain lobe abnormal signal, 2 cases had brain atrophy and hippocampal atrophy, and 4 cases had no abnormal intracranial findings. All the patients received penicillin treatment immediately after the diagnosis of neurosyphilis was confirmed, and the symptoms were relieved after treatment. Conclusion: Combination of clinical manifestations with laboratory and imaging could help to reduce the misdiagnosis of neurosyphilis.
  • Expert Comments on Neuroimaging
  • DING Jie, LIN Zhi, CHEN Ying, XU Qun, LI Jianping, CHEN Zengai, GUAN Yangtai
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 180-185. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0074
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    Objective: To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of superficial siderosis of central nervous system (SSCNS) and improve the understanding of SSCNS in the clinical practice. Methods: The clinical diagnosis and treatment of a patient with SSCNS were reported. Neurology and imaging experts were invited to discuss the clinical and imaging characteristics of SSCNS based on literature review. Results: The patient presented with progressively evolving gait ataxia, pyramidal dysfunction, sensory abnormalities and sphincter dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hemosiderin deposition on surface of brainstem, cerebellar vermis and spinal cord. The symptoms were controlled with treatment of deferiprone. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of SSCNS are complex and diverse. The imaging and CSF characteristics contribute to the early diagnosis of SSCNS. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further development of the disease. In addition, the demonstration of CSF-oligoclonal bands implies that inflammation might be involved in the pathogenesis of SSCNS. The mechanism remains to be confirmed by further studies.
  • Case Report
  • YANG Xiaolan, LU Qinchi
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 186-196. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0053
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    Objective: To report the diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases of limbic encephalitis (LE) related to antibodies against leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) protein with faciobrachial dystonic seizure (FBDS) as the main clinical manifestation, and review the related literatures. Methods: The information of clinical features, laboratory examinations, imaging examinations, treatment and prognosis of 3 cases diagnosed of anti-LGI1 LE with FBDS as the main clinical manifestation admitted in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was reported and analyzed, and the related literature review was performed. Results: In these 3 cases,FBDS was the very early main clinical symptom, and they were diagnosed of anti-LGI1 LE by lumber test, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and autoimmune antibodies examination. The symptoms were relieved by immunotherapy, whereas one case underwent operation due to late subdural hematoma. Conclusion: FBDS is a characteristic clinical manifestation of anti-LGI1 LE, early identification is helpful for the diagnosis of this disease, and immunotherapy could effectively improve the prognosis.
  • Review
  • GAO Yang, WANG Yue, XU Siyi, LI Gang
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 197-203. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0063
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    Stroke is a kind of cerebrovascular disease with high disability and high mortality, and 80% of ischemic stroke patients suffer from a mild stroke, which can cause neurological impairment and lower quality of life. Choosing the appropriate assessment scale is helpful to evaluate the quality of life of patients and guide the clinical practice. Currently, internal consistency and test-retest reliability are often used in the reliability analysis of the scales, and content validity and construct validity are often used in validity analysis. This paper reviews the definition, treatment and the presentations of impaired quality of life of mild stroke and the advances in application of health-related quality-of-life scales in patients with mild stroke.
  • LIU Xiaoying, , ZHOU Duan, WANG Changde
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 204-212. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0062
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    This paper reviews the progress in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine research on the relationship of diabetes mellitus and small brain lesions, and puts forward the hypothesis of nourishing Yin and truncating lesion method for the treatment of small brain lesions related to diabetes mellitus in stroke prevention based on traditional Chinese medicine theory of collaterals disease and torsion and truncation, in order to further improve and clear the traditional Chinese medicine theory of nourishing Yin and truncating lesion and preventive treatment of disease, providing references for preventing stroke related to diabetic mellitus in traditional Chinese medicine.
  • YANG Xue, WANG Yan
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 213-220. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0054
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    Cerebral blood vessel has the ability to automatically adjust the blood flow to the brain and against the damage of acute or chronic cerebral perfusion pressure alteration to meet the needs of brain metabolism during the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Through this physiological mechanism which is named as cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), the brain can get through the crisis. As a milestone of the research in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, however, CVR has not been widely recognized, which restricts the clinical application of CVR in further use as a routine reference index for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this paper, the definition of CVR and its physiological mechanism, evaluation and intervention, and the progress in clinical application are systematically reviewed.
  • ZHU Dongyu, LU Zhengyu, LU Lingdan, XU Qiang, ZHAO Hong
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 221-226. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0052
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    Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease caused by a variety of reasons. It is a kind of repetitive, episodic and transient central nervous system dysfunction which is caused by the excessive discharge of neurons in the brain. Epilepsy is one of the common diseases of nervous system. There are about fifty million persons with epilepsy in the world. In China, there are about six million patients with active epilepsy, and the treatment gap is up to 63%. Recurrent seizures will seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The majority of patients can reach effective control of the seizures through reasonable medication treatment, whereas a part of patients with refractory epilepsy need non-drug therapy. This article summarizes the progress in treatment of epilepsy from two aspects of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.
  • JIANG Dudu, JIN Guohua, GU Qin, WANG Qinying, YU Min, HAN Ying, SONG Haoming, ZHAN Qing
    Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation. 2017, 13(4): 227-232. https://doi.org/10.12022/jnnr.2017-0031
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    Brain heart syndrome (BHS) refers to the secondary heart damage caused by acute-phase stroke, manifested as cardiac dysfunction and changes in cardiac electrical activity, leading to the aggravating conditions. The treatment of BHS has become more complex, or even contradictory, severely affects the prognosis of the patients. This paper discusses the advances in clinical examinations, pathogenesis and treatment of BHS, particularly pointing out that the laboratory results of heart damage and the electrocardiogram abnormalities are related to stroke type and the part of lesion in stroke. Meanwhile, it is pointed out that the primary disease should be treated first in the treatment of patients with BHS. The dynamic monitoring of electrocardiogram and laboratory tests for heart damage should be conducted while correcting arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia in time, which can determine the heart damage in real time and effectively, so as to give targeted treatment and rehabilitation.