With the acceleration of population aging and environmental changes, neurodegenerative diseases have become a research hot spot in modern medical. However, these diseases are characterized by unknown etiology, insidious onset, suboptimal treatment efficacy, and poor prognosis, which seriously impact the life quality of patients. This article explains the pathological features and clinical characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, and presents the clinical experience and achievements in the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine approach for the differentiation and treatment of Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease. Consequently, a "tripartite integrated" model of traditional Chinese and western syndrome differentiation and treatment is proposed, which combines disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation, macroscopic syndrome differentiation with microscopic syndrome differentiation, and functional syndrome differentiation with morphological syndrome differentiation. It aims to fully leverage the respective strengths and synergistic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, break through the bottleneck of current diagnosis and treatment, and provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.