Post-stroke aphasia is a language function impairment caused by damage to the dominant hemisphere of the brain and is one of the common complications following a stroke. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging non-invasive brain stimulation technique in recent years. By combining tDCS with functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), it is possible to further clarify the recovery mechanisms of post-stroke aphasia, aiming to provide more precise and individualized treatment for subsequent patients with post-stroke aphasia. This approach has significant application prospects and clinical values in the rehabilitation of aphasia. This article integrates the latest research on tDCS for the treatment of post-stroke aphasia, intending to provide more basis for the rehabilitation of aphasia.