Objective: To systematically review evaluate the association between the expression levelsof NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3)in serum and Alzheimer'sdisease ( AD ).

Methods:We searched databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase,CBM, VIP, Wan Fang Data and CNKl databases committed to case control studies on therelationship between serum NLRP3 level and AD. The retrieval time limit was from theestablishment of the database to August 2024. Two reviewers independently screenedliterature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta analysiswas performed by Stata 15.1 SE and Review Manager 5.0 software.

Results: Nine articles were included in total. The results of meta analysis showed that serum NLRP3 expression level was associated with AD(SMD=1.66,95%CI=1.28-2.04,P<0.01)Subgroup analysis was conducted based on different  NLRP3 measurement methods, and both the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay group(SMD=1.48,95%CI=15-1.80,P<0.01 and the PCR group(SMD=2.12,95%CI=0.78-3.45,P-0.002)showed an association between NLRP3 levels and AD. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable.

Conclusion: The meta analysis suggested that high level of serum NLRP3 expression maybe associated with the development of AD. Limited by the quality and quantity of includedstudies, the above conclusions needed to be verified by more clinical studies.