The increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorders(ASD) in China has become the leading cause of mental disability in children. In addition to the core symptoms characterized by social and communication disorders, repetitive and stereotypical behaviors, and narrow interests, they are also accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, emotional problems, and sleep problems, which bring heavy mental and economic burdens to the families of children. At present, the etiology of ASD is varied and unclear, and the main treatment is rehabilitation training to alleviate its core symptoms. In recent years, the ' microbial-gut-brain axis' ' mechanism has been used to analyze the association between intestinal microbes and ASD. Several studies have shown that regulating gut microbiome therapy can not only improve the gastrointestinal symptoms of children with ASD, but also improve their core symptoms. However, many studies are limited to animal experiments, and in-depth studies are needed on the impact of gut microbes on children with ASD in the future.