There are more than 100 modifications have been found in RNA molecule, among which 6-methyladenine (m⁶A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotes, and it is also the hotspot of epigenetic research. With the development of detection technology and the rise of RNA epigenetics, the recent discoveries have suggested the regulatory functions of m⁶A modification in a variety of physiological and pathological biological processes. This review summarizes the functions of m⁶A methyltransferase, demethylase and regulatory proteins, highlights the recent progress in the biological functions of m⁶A  modification, and the role of m⁶A modification in stem cell self-renewal and neural differentiation.