Migraine is a common and disabling primary headache disorder, which brings significant economic burden to patients, families and society. The management of migraine is multifaceted, including acute treatment and preventive strategy. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs are first-line treatment for mild to moderate migraine attacks, while triptans and preventive treatment are needed for moderate to severe migraine and chronic migraine attacks. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine, and promotes the development of CGRP antagonists and monoclonal antibodies against circulating CGRP which is released during migraine attacks or targeting its receptor. Recently, several monoclonal antibodies against CGRP or its receptors have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States for the treatment of episodic and chronic migraine. So far, the pathogenesis of migraine is not clear. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine, with particular attention to the potential role of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in the prophylaxis of migraine.