Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. At present, the disease is mainly treated by glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressive agent and interferon-β, and the therapy is pretty limited. In recent years, it has been found that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), as a kind of pluripotent stem cell, can differentiate into nerve cells, thereby repairing damage. In this paper, the mechanism of MSC in the treatment of MS is discussed from multiple perspectives. MSC is expected to become a new method for the treatment of MS in the future.