Plasma exchange is a method of blood purification, which can remove the pathogenic components of the blood circulation and achieve the aim of immunological modulation and treatment of diseases. Recently, plasma exchange has been more and more frequently used in the treatment of neuroimmunological disorders, and achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. The most recent American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) guideline, updated in 2016, listed the indications for plasma exchange. According to this guideline, this paper summarizes the plasma exchange therapy for neuroimmunological disorders in combination with relevant literature, with a view to providing relevant treatment recommendations for clinicians. Plasma exchange plays an important role in the treatment of neuroimmunological disorders, but more high-quality clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and to formulate optimal treatment options.