Objective: To investigate the time of onset, etiology, related risk factors, clinical manifestations and prognosis of cerebrovascular diseases during pregnancy and puerperium.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 20 patients with cerebrovascular diseases during pregnancy and puerperium, who were admitted in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2013 and May 2017, was conducted.

Results: Of the 20 patients with cerebrovascular diseases during pregnancy and puerperium, 12 patients developed cerebral hemorrhage due to cerebral vascular malformation, venous sinus thrombosis, lupus erythematosus complication, hemorrhage of pituitary tumor, acoustic neuroma, cavernous hemangioma and Moyamoya disease; 2 patients developed subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysm rupture; 6 patients developed cerebral infarction due to cerebral embolism caused by atrial fibrillation (rheumatic heart disease), anti-cardiolipin antibody syndrome and venous sinus thrombosis formation. Of 20 patients, 18 survived, and 2 died; 8 patients successfully delivered the fetus, but 1 patient died and the other 7 patients recovered well.

Conclusion: The risk factors of pregnancy and the cerebrovascular diseases interact to increase the risk of cerebrovascular diseases, especially the risk of cerebral hemorrhage is increased during late pregnancy. When pregnant women present with acute/subacute headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, weakness of the limbs, and other nervous system focal signs, they must be alert to the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases. Imaging examinations can promptly confirm the diagnosis and find the cause. Timely multidisciplinary combination therapy can help improve the prognosis.