Central demyelinated disease (CDD) refers to a group of nervous system diseases that occurs in the brain and spinal cord with different causes and different clinical manifestations. Their etiology and clinical manifestations are different, but have the same characteristics. According to modern medicine, the pathological feature of CDD is myelin sheath loss, while neuron cell body and axonal cord remain relatively intact. Due to the absence in description of demyelinated disease in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it can be classified according to the different syndromes and different clinical manifestations of CDD. In TCM, it is believed that CDD is closely related to the functions of liver and kidney, and it is also associated with heart and spleen dysfunction. This paper summarizes the essentials and experiences in TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of CDD, and provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CDD by TCM and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.