Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by static tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability, and pathologically by the extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The precise etiology of PD is mostly unknown and the pathogenesis is related to several factors such as hereditary and environmental factors. Current studies have found that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play important roles in the pathogenesis of PD. This paper aims to elucidate the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD and the protective effect of neurotrophic factors on mitochondria.