Case report is a common type of medical paper, and it is also one of the most popular types of paper for clinicians. Through vivid description of the diagnosis and treatment process about one or two cases or the case series, case report can provide perceptual first-hand information for clinicians, not only has a guiding significance in clinical diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, and cultivates clinical thinking, but also has educational significance for the whole society, to provide references for government decision-making. However, in many of the medical journals, the writing requirement on case report is less or even absent. This phenomenon exists in both domestic and foreign journals, especially in domestic journals. Due to the lack of the corresponding writing instruction, the quality of the case report is uneven, leading to the reduced acceptance rate of the case report. This paper introduces the related writing requirement on case report in Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals which is proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the CARE Checklist—2016: Information for writing a case report, in order to help the authors to improve the level of case report writing.