Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an idiopathic inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) syndrome distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). The discovery of highly specific antiaquaporin-4 antibody as a diagnostic biomarker for NMO has enabled recognition of NMO and expanded the concept of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The International Panel for NMO Diagnosis (IPND) was convened to develop revised diagnostic criteria of NMOSD—International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for NMOSD, 2015. In this new nomenclature, the individual definition of NMO is cancelled and classified into unified term NMOSD, which is stratified further by serologic testing (AQP4-immunoglobulin G-positive or -negative). One of the core clinical characteristics is necessarily required for patients with AQP4-immunoglobulin G-positive NMOSD. More stringent clinical criteria, with additional neuroimaging findings, is required for diagnosis of AQP4-immunoglobulin G-negative NMOSD or when serologic testing is unavailable. This paper presents the highlights of International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for NMOSD, 2015, and gives some comments.
Key words
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders /
Diagnostic criteria /
Guideline /
Aquaporin-4
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Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81230027)
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