Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP), also known as post-stroke shoulder pain, refers to shoulder pain symptoms occurring within 2 to 3 months after a stroke.It is a common complication after stroke. The etiology of HSP is complex, and the treatment method should also be selected according to the etiology. Pharmacotherapy, nerve electrical stimulation, suprascapular nerve blocks, botulinum toxin A and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are mainly used for pain caused by neurological factors.Kinesio taping, arm sling and shoulder orthosesare mainly used for pain caused by mechanical factors. Acupuncture mainly increases the local blood flow of muscles by activating collaterals and activating blood circulation, thus improving the pain symptoms. For HSP with multiple causes, combined treatments are recommended for optimal results.